Israel’s missile defense is a set of systems with different engagement roles, not one interceptor covering every threat. Iron Dome is the short-range layer; David’s Sling addresses heavier rockets and other aerial threats; Arrow 2 and Arrow 3 form the upper tier against ballistic missiles. Their sensors and command systems support layered engagement, while each system retains its own radar, launcher and defended envelope.
Different systems for different threats
Iron Dome uses radar to detect and classify incoming projectiles and command-and-control equipment to determine whether an interception is needed. Its interceptor is launched against threats assessed to endanger a defended area. Rafael describes the system as designed for rockets, mortars, artillery shells and other short-range aerial threats.
David’s Sling, developed by Rafael with Raytheon, is designed to intercept ballistic missiles and other aerial threats. The system includes a radar, command-and-control capability, launchers and an interceptor that engages by direct impact. It recorded its first operational interception in May 2023.
Arrow 2 and Arrow 3 cover the upper tier against tactical ballistic missiles. IAI describes Arrow 3 as an exo-atmospheric, hit-to-kill interceptor within the Arrow Weapon System. The system detects, tracks and engages ballistic threats over a large defended area. An interception does not make debris disappear, and no defensive system guarantees that every incoming weapon will be stopped.
How radar supports the layers
Radars detect and track targets; battle-management systems use that track information to coordinate an engagement. Israel’s architecture can combine components and share information, but it is inaccurate to imply a single named command center directing every interceptor or perfect synchronization across every battery. The systems have separate operating envelopes and finite interceptor inventories.
Rafael’s air-defense system description outlines Iron Dome and David’s Sling components and roles. IAI’s Arrow 3 overview explains its place in the Arrow Weapon System. For the broader export and industry context, see Israel’s defense industry.