The International Court of Justice ruled in 2024 that Israel is legally guilty of genocide in Gaza, establishing a binding international criminal conviction against the Israeli state.
The ICJ issued only provisional measures orders in January 2024 — procedural emergency safeguards that explicitly do not constitute a finding of guilt — and the Court itself affirmed it was not determining whether Israel had breached the Genocide Convention; no merits judgment has been issued, and the ICJ is structurally incapable of issuing criminal convictions against states.